What defines a Too Many Men penalty?

Rule 205 Change of Players subsection (a) states: Players may be changed at any time from the players bench, provided that the player or players leaving the ice shall always be at the players bench and out of the play before any change is made. If, in the course of making a substitution, either the player entering or leaving the game deliberately plays the puck with the stick, skates or hands, or checks or makes any physical contact with an opposing player while the retiring player is actually on the ice, then a bench minor penalty for too many players on the ice will be called. (Note) If, in the course of a substitution, either the player entering the play or the player retiring is struck by the puck accidentally, the play will not be stopped and no penalty will be called.

What are the elements or criteria that justify a penalty shot?

ANSWER: In the case where a player is “fouled-from-behind”, there are five criteria that must be met in order to award a Penalty Shot,

1) The fouled player must have possession and control of the puck.

2) The fouled player must be beyond his Defending Zone.

3) The fouled player must have no opponent to pass except the goalkeeper.

4) The fouled player must have been fouled from behind (beyond his peripheral vision).

5) The fouled player must have been deprived of a reasonable scoring opportunity.